Three-Dimensional Biofilm Electrode Reactors with a Triple-Layer Particle Electrode for Highly Efficient Treatment of Micro-Polluted Water Sources

Micro-polluted water, which is widespread in rural areas, poses a serious health risk. To address this issue, we propose three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactor with triple-layer particle electrodes (TL-BERs) for the decentralized and small-scale treatment of micro-polluted water. The first second layers electrode, granular activated carbon (GAC) biological ceramsite (BC), respectively, are responsible electric field oxidation microbial degradation, while third, quartz sand (QS), further improving turbidity pollutant removal. Our tests indicated that TL-BER-treated effluent met drinking water quality standards China. At 10 V, average turbidity, CODMn, NH4+-N, UV254 removal rates TL-BERs system were 97.66%, 61.11%, 91.67%, 72.94%, respectively. Furthermore, intensities main fluorescence peaks, A, B, C, D, raw sample, decreased by 36.67%, 66.22%, 67.08%, 69.76%, after treatment, indicating tryptophan-like proteins, fulvic acid, humic acid also effectively removed. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed enrichment microorganisms, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, play important roles various pollutants. Therefore, application strategy will enable practical